Uploading Directly to Standalone Atmega328p With Arduino

We all know that, Atmega328 IC is used in Arduino UNO board. This IC is the brain of the Arduino board. Actually, Arduino designers wanted to make a handy prototyping board for the beginners so they organized all the components in such way that anybody can access all the pins of the Atmega328 IC and can program it just by connecting it to estimator. Arduino board is very popular for edifice hobby projects. But in industrial or consumer products its not practiced idea to utilize the consummate Arduino board, so nosotros can use standalone Atmega328 IC, which can exist programmed with Arduino IDE but without using Arduino board.

In this tutorial, we will see how supercede Arduino lath with Atmega328 IC and with few other components. For using Atmega328 IC in place of arduino, first nosotros take to burn down Arduino Bootloader in it and then nosotros will program information technology using FTDI or using Arduino Board. This tutorial will also help in replacing damaged Atmega328 IC from Arduino board. Also by using the circuit described below yous tin can build your own Arduino board by replicating it on PCB.

Components Required

1. Atmega 328 IC
2. Breadboard
3. LM7805
4. 16 MHz Crystal
5. 22pF ceramic capacitors (2)
6. 10uF capacitor(2)
7. ten K resistor
8. 1k resistor
9. Jumper wires

Optionally, you can besides use 3.3v voltage regulator LM1117-3.3v to include 3.3v rail in your excursion.

Pin Diagram of Atmega328

Excursion Diagram

Circuit Diagram for replicating Arduino on Breadboard is given below:

Component Descriptions

Power supply part-

1. 5V voltage regulator: Atmega 328 IC runs on 5V ability supply. So here, we are using LM7805 to get 5v output, information technology can handle upto 30V as input. If you accept a separate 5V supply and then You can leave this stride.
2. Capacitors: 10uF capacitor is used at the input and output part of 7805 to bypass any Air-conditioning component to ground.
3. LED: This will show you that your 5V output is coming.

Microcontroller part-

1. Atmega 328: This is our chief component on the breadboard. Its pin diagram is given in a higher place.
2. Crystal oscillator: A 16MHz external crystal is connected betwixt Pivot 9 and Pin x of the ATmega328. This crystal is used to requite clock to the microcontroller to execute the tasks faster.
3. Push: To reset the the microcontroller a button button is continued betwixt pivot 1 and GND. Normally, it is connected with 5v using a 10k resistor.
4. LED: A led is continued with digital pin 13.

This complete tutorial is divided into three parts to brand your ain Arduino running on breadboard:

1. Building the Arduino Circuit on Breadboard
2. Called-for the Bootloader into Atmega328 IC
3. How to Program Arduino Bootloader uploaded Atmega 328 IC on breadboard.

Now we will explicate each part 1 by one.

Part-one: Building the Arduino Excursion on Breadboard

Step 1:-Connect the Power Supply Part as shown in circuit diagram and test information technology using external ability supply to LM7805. Information technology will looks like this.

Stride 2:-Now, connect the Microcontroller Function as shown in circuit diagram. Make the connections carefully.

Step iii:- Now, connect the ability supply and microcontroller part using jumpers. Your final circuit will looks something similar this.

And so, this is our Arduino on breadboard. You tin implement the aforementioned excursion on PCB using simple tools like EasyEDA, etc. At present, we take to upload the bootloader to the new Atmega 328 IC so that we can commencement to program the IC.

Part-2: Burning the Bootloader into Atmega328 IC

What is bootloader and why we need information technology??

Bootloader is small piece of executable code that permanently stored in the microcontroller's memory. This occupies less than 1Kb of memory. Bootloader allows the IC to take the code from the calculator and place it in the retentiveness of the microcontroller.

Traditionally, all the microcontroller from Atmel are programmed with the assistance of programmers which has some fancy connections. Bootloaders reduces the complexity and permit the states with an easy and efficient style of programming the microcontroller. This ways y'all can program it simply by using an USB cable.

When you purchase a new Atmega 328 from market, information technology has no bootloader in information technology. And then to program your Atmega328 using Arduino IDE you have to first upload the bootloader.

To upload the Bootloader, we have two methods:

1. Using USBasp developer
2. Using Arduino UNO board

2d method is easier compared to commencement ane. Considering it requires less connections and too latest version of Arduino IDE not supports the fancy USBasp programmers.

And so, in this tutorial we volition upload bootloader using Arduino Uno lath.

Upload the Arduino Bootloader in Atmega328 Chip

Stride 1:- Open Arduino IDE. Go to File -> Examples -> ArduinoISP. Than choose ArduinoISP. As shown below.

Step ii:- Now, you have to upload this code to your Arduino board. Choose the com port and board from the tool menu and hit the upload button.

Pace 3:- Afterward ' Washed uploading' , disconnect the Arduino board from the computer and brand the connections of Arduino board with Atmega 328 as shown in below diagram.

Footstep 4:- At present, connect the Arduino board with the figurer. Open up Arduino IDE.

Go to Tools , Choose board as Arduino/Genuine Uno, Cull the correct Port for your board. Choose Programmer as "Arduino every bit Isp". Don't confuse it with ArduinoISP. Both are different.

Step five:- Now, Go to Tools again and Click on Burn Bootloader just below the Developer option. Later on few seconds, bootloader is uploaded successfully. If there is any error in uploading, check the connections.

Check the beneath Video to understand the steps explained in a higher place to upload Bootloader in Atmega 328 IC.

Yourbreadboard Arduino is ready to work as real Arduino board. Now, question arises that how to program Atmega 328 IC? That nosotros will talk over in our side by side section.

Part-iii: How to Program Arduino Bootloader uploaded Atmega 328 IC

Standalone Arduino Atmega328 Chip tin can be programmed in many ways.

1. Using blank Arduino lath i.e. Arduino lath without Atmega 328 IC in it.
2. Using USB to Serial TTL converter module (FTDI module).
3. Using USBasp programmer (involve many connections).

Here, we will program information technology using two methods: USB to serial converter and Arduino lath.

Programming Atmega328 Chip using Arduino board

Stride 1:- Accept an Arduino lath without Atmega328 chip. Make the connections of Arduino board with our breadboard Arduino as shown in this diagram.

Step 2:- Connect the Arduino lath with the computer and open up the Arduino IDE. Choose Arduino Uno from Board menu in Tools, Developer equally USBasp and correct com port of the board.

Pace 3:- Nosotros volition start by uploading the Blink program. So choose the blink programme from Examples and hit Upload button.

At present, you can encounter led on the breadboard will start blinking.

Programming Arduino Atmega328 Bit using USB to Serial converter

Footstep ane:- If you don't have Arduino lath. This is the best method to programme your breadboard Arduino.

Make the connections every bit:

RXD pin of FTDI -> Tx pivot of Atmega328(pin 3)

TXD pin of FTDI -> Rx pin of Atmega328 (pin 2)

GND -> GND(pin eight)

5v -> Vcc (pin 7)

Some FTDI modules has Reset pin as well known every bit DTR pin, which needs to be connected with the Reset pin of Atmega328 (pivot one). If in that location is no reset pin in the module, don't worry I'll give the solution when we program the chip.

Pace ii:- Now, connect the FTDI with calculator and open up Device manager in control console. You volition see Port department, Expand it. If there is an yellowish mark in forepart of the driver and so you have to update your module driver.

If there is no mark, so note the com port number and open Arduino IDE. Become to Tools -> Ports -> Select the com that you take noted.

Step three:- Now, We will upload blink program to our Breadboard Arduino. Go to File -> Examples -> Basics -> Blink. Choose Arduino Uno from Board menu in tools, Programmer as USBasp and correct com port of the board.

Then striking upload push.

Note: If your FTDI module has no DTR pin, so Press the Reset button on the breadboard and hitting upload button. Keep information technology pressed if information technology says Compiling sketch… Release the push as soon as it says Uploading…

At present, the programme will be successfully uploaded into Arduino Bootloader Atmega328 chip.

Below is the Video for Programming Atmega 328 IC without using Arduino Board:

Nosotros have washed with our DIY Breadboard Arduino Circuit. You lot can blueprint this excursion on PCB to go far more meaty.

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Source: https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/how-to-burn-bootloader-in-atmega328p-and-program-using-arduino-ide

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